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003 Training and Detraining Effects on Functional Fitness after a Multicomponent Training in Older Women
When older women exercised twice a week for 8 months their functional fitness improved, although body mass index did not decrease and cardiovascular endurance did not improve. However, all of the gains in functional fitness were lost after 3 months of not exercising.
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Summary
Results
Processes
Training Program
- 2 sessions per week
- Exercises included:
- Aerobic exercises
- Strength exercises
- Balance exercises
- Flexibility exercises
The training program led to significant improvements in the exercise group compared to the control group in the following functional fitness tests:
Functional Fitness Tests
- Chair stand test (27.3% improvement)
- Arm curl test (17.4% improvement)
- Chair sit-and-reach test (17.4% improvement)
- Up-and-go test (11% improvement)
- Back scratch test (14.5% improvement)
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Variables
Variables Measured:
Functional fitness parameters:
-Chair stand test (measure of lower body strength)
-Arm curl test (measure of upper body strength)
-Chair sit-and-reach test (measure of lower body flexibility)
-Up-and-go test (measure of agility and dynamic balance)
-Back scratch test (measure of upper body flexibility)
-Cardiovascular endurance
-Body mass index (BMI)
-Effects Observed:
The 8-month multicomponent training program (aerobic, strength, balance, flexibility) led to significant improvements in the functional fitness parameters measured (chair stand, arm curl, chair sit-and-reach, up-and-go, back scratch) in the exercise group compared to the control group.
However, after 3 months of detraining, both upper and lower body strength, as well as upper and lower body flexibility, declined significantly in the exercise group.
No significant changes were observed in cardiovascular endurance or BMI as a result of the training and detraining.
In summary, the study measured 5 key functional fitness parameters, cardiovascular endurance, and BMI, and found that the multicomponent training program improved functional fitness, but these gains were lost after a 3-month detraining period.
Authors
1.M.J. Carvalho
2.E. Marques
3.J. Mota
Full Study
Abstract
Background: Several studies have been carried out in order to evaluate the potential influence of increased physical activity on the health, biological ageing and functional ability of the elderly. However, only limited information is available on the effects of multicomponent training and detraining on functional performance.
Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of 8-month multicomponent training and 3-month detraining on the functional fitness of older women.
Methods: Fifty-seven women were randomly assigned to an exercise (n = 32; 68.4 ± 2.93 years) or a control group (n = 25; 69.6 ± 4.20 years). The training program consisted of 2 sessions per week of aerobic, strength, balance and flexibility exercises. The functional fitness test battery was performed to assess the physical parameters associated with independent functioning in older adults. Results: No significant changes were observed in body mass index and cardiovascular endurance as a result of the exercise training. Training induced significant (p < 0.05) improvements in chair stand (27.3%), arm curl (17.4%), chair sit-and-reach (17.4%), up-and-go (11%) and back scratch (14.5%) tests. However, both upper and lower body strength and upper and lower flexibility declined significantly after detraining in the exercise group. Conclusion: The results of this study highlight the negative effects of interrupting exercise on several physical parameters of functional fitness.
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